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Iqtisodiyot. Iqtisodiyot fanlari
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Elements for Physics
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
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Элементар математика
Ўқув қўлланма элементар математика курсининг асосий бўлимларини ўз ичига олган бўлиб, натурал сонлар ва улар устида амаллар, сонларнинг бўлиниши, бирлашмалар, ҳақиқий ва комплекс сонлар, улар устидаги амаллар, тенглама ва тенгсизликлар, функциялар мавзулари ёритилган. Ҳар бир мавзу бўйича намуна учун таҳлил этилган мисол ва масалалар, шунингдек мустақил ечиш учун мисол ва масалалар келтирилган.
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JAHON MAMLAKATLARI IQTISODIY VA IJTIMOIY GEOGRAFIYASI
Jahon mamlakatlari iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy geografiyasi” fanini o‘qitishda muayyan fan dasturi asosida tuzilgan darslikni qisman to‘ldiruvchi ushbu o‘quv qo‘llanmada mavzularni zaruriy hajmda tizimli yoritilgan uni puhta o‘zlashtirishni ta’minlovchi mazmun va shaklan turlarga moslashtirilgan innovatsion metodlar asosida qiziqarli topshiriqlar, nostandart testlar, mantiqiy va alternativ testlar va ko‘rsatmalar,ularning yechimlari ifoda etilgan.
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ELEMENTARY MECHANICS & THERMODYNAMICS
The reason for writing this book was due to the fact that modern introductory textbooks (not only in physics, but also mathematics, psychology, chemistry) are simply not useful to either students or instructors. The typical freshman textbook in physics, and other fields, is over 1000 pages long, with maybe 40 chapters and over 100 problems per chapter. This is overkill! A typical semester is 15 weeks long, giving 30 weeks at best for a year long course. At the fastest possible rate, we can ”cover” only one chapter per week. For a year long course that is 30 chapters at best. Thus ten chapters of the typical book are left out! 1500 pages divided by 30 weeks is about 50 pages per week. The typical text is quite densed mathematics and physics and it’s simply impossible for a student to read all of this in the detail required. Also with 100 problems per chapter, it’s not possible for a student to do 100 problems each week. Thus it is impossible for a student to fully read and do all the problems in the standard introductory books. Thus these books are not useful to students or instructors teaching the typical course!
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ИННOВAЦИOН ТEXНOЛOГИЯЛAР ACOCИДA CAНOAТ КOРXOНAЛAРИНИНГ РAҚOБAТБAРДOШЛИГИНИ OШИРИШ
Сўнгги йилларда миллий иқтисодиёт рақобатбардошлигини ошириш ва унинг инновацион моделга ўтишини ташкил этиш, саноат ишлаб чиқаришини замонавий технологиялар асосида ривожлантириш, мавжуд ресурслардан самарали фойдаланган ҳолда юқори қўшимча қийматга эга бўлган тайёр маҳсулот ишлаб чиқариш каби йўналишларда кенг қамровли чора-тадбирлар амалга оширилмоқда. "Ўз иқтисодиётини мавжуд табиий ресурсларни сарфлаш эвазига эмас, инновацион маҳсулотлар яратиш, ўзлаштириш ва илғор технологияларни ишлаб чиқаришга жорий қилиш орқали ривожлантириш тараққиётнинг асосий омилига айланмоқда".
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GEOGRAFIYA
Siz indi öňki synplarda alan bilimleriñiz esasynda Yer ýüzüniň, şol sanda, ýurdumyzyň tebigaty barada başgalara-da maglumat berip bilersiniz. Olardan daşary şeýle bilimler hem bar bolup, olar adamlaryň işi, durmuş yörelgeleri we önümçiligiň territorial tapawutlanyşy ýaly adamzat, jemgyýetçilik durmuşy bilen gönüden-göni baglydyr. Ynha şu bilimleri öwrenýän ylym ykdysady we sosial geografiýa diýlip atlandyrylýar. Ol ilatyň işiniň territorial guralyşy bilen bagly ykdysady we sosial meseleleri belli bir ýurt boýunça hem, bütün dünýä möçberinde-de öwrenýär. Şu okuw ýylynda janajan Watanymyz Özbegistanyň ykdysady we sosial geografiýasyny öwrenýäris.
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ЕР ВА СУВ РЕСУРСЛАРИДАН ФОЙДАЛАНИШ
Сизга тавсия этилган «Ер ва сув ресурсларидан фойдаланиш» фани бўйича ўқув қўлланма тасдиқланган намунавий дастур асосида ѐзилган, унда Ўзбекистон Республикаси ер ресурсларидан фойдаланиш ва ҳимоялаш, ер фонди тоифаларининг таркиби, ер кадастрининг таркибий қисми ва турлари, сув ресурслари, ерларнинг ҳозирги ҳолати, ер мониторингининг мазмуни ва тизими кенг ѐритилган.
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Физика твердого тела
В пособии приведены основные сведения о тепловых, электрических, магнитных и оптических свойствах твердых тел, а также необходимые сведения из квантовой механики и статистической физики. Рассмотрены физические основы работы современных твердотельных устройств.
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DARYOLAR GIDROLOGIYASI
Mazkur o‘quv qo‘llanma “Gidrologiya (tarmoqlar bo‘yicha)” bakalavriatura yo‘nalishida o‘qitiladigan "Daryolar gidrologiyasi" fani dasturi asosida tayyorlangan. Qo‘llanmada tabiatda suvning aylanishi, bu jarayonda daryolarning o‘rni, daryolar morfologiyasi va morfometriyasi, daryolar oqimining hosil bo‘lishi, ularning suv rejimi, to‘yinish manbalari, daryo havzasi va o‘zanida kechadigan gidrologik jarayonlar, daryolar suv resurslari va ulardan samarali foydalanish kabi masalalar yoritilgan.
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Elementary Condensed Matter Physics
The Pauli principle has strong consequences here. The tunneling of electrons between atoms favors the bonding state but if the electrons have the same spin projection this is not possible. Thus atoms with the same spin projection repel each other. In some way, as we bring two H atoms together we are trying to form a He atom. If the spins were the same the electronic configuration should be 1s 2s by the Pauli principle. If we had the atoms with electrons with opposite spin then we would get 1s² which is lower in energy. For the anti-bonding state we can have the electrons with the same spin but in this case the atom will not be stable (as shown in Fig.1.7). Thus, the ground state of the H₂ atom has to be a singlet state.
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GEOGRAFIYА O’QITISH METODIKASI
Ushbu darslikda unda bo’lg’usi geografiya o’qituvchilarining ilmiy-metodik tayyorgarligini tarkib toptirish va rivojlantirish uchun zarur bo’lgan geografiya o’qitish metodikasining maqsad va vazifalari, rivojlanish tarixi, geografiya o’qitishning dolzarb muammolariga doir ma’lumotlarni o’z ichiga olgan
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Оптимальные методы теории линейной фильтрации случайных процессов
Значительное внимание уделено вопросам разработки конструктивных методов синтеза оптимальных фильтров (включая спектральную факторизацию положительных операторов и представление оптимального фильтра в рекуррентной форме).
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ELECTRO-OPTICS HANDBOOK
It’s often difficult to predict which areas of a field will become rejuvenated and grow rapidly or spin off to fit with another to form something new. The field of electro-optics is also unpredictable, but currently it has numerous forces acting on it. First is the development of new optical sources such as ultrafast lasers and fiber lasers to compete with semiconductor devices for pumping and lasing. The vast riches that can be obtained by work outside the visible seem to be opening up. Sources and fibers for telecommunications are moving ahead rapidly and new display devices may eventually bring an end to the vacuum tube cathode ray tubes. We believe that the material in this book will find an interested audience for many years. This second edition of the Electro-Optics Handbook both updates individual chapters where needed and adds additional chapters where new fields have emerged. Electro-optics remains a dynamic area and that will continue and broaden into many new areas. Our thanks to Steve Chapman for his help getting this edition in progress and to Marcia Patchan and Petra Captein for much of the work to move it toward composition.
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ГЕОГРАФИЯ ФАНИДАН МАЪРУЗА МАТНЛАР Т Ў П Л А М И
Ушбу маъруза матни Фарғона вилоят педагог кадрларни қайта тайёрлаш ва малакасини ошириш институти “Табиий фанлар таълими” кафедрасининг иқтисодиёт фани йўналиши бўйича малака ошириш курси тингловчилари учун маъруза матни тайёрланган бўлиб, Халқ таълими тизимининг умумий ўрта таълим мактабларининг география фани ўқитувчилари учун мўлжалланган.
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POWER ELECTRONICS
Power electronics deals with the applications of solid-state electronics for the control and conversion of electric power. Conversion techniques require the switching on and off of power semiconductor devices. Low-level electronics circuits, which normally consist of integrated circuits and discrete components, generate the re- quired gating signals for the power devices. Integrated circuits and discrete com- ponents are being replaced by microprocessors. An ideal power device should have no switching-on and off limitations in terms of turn-on time, turn-off time, current, and voltage handling capabilities. Power semiconductor technology is rapidly developing fast switching power devices with increasing voltage and current limits. Power switching devices such as power BJTs, power MOSFETS, MOSIGTS, SCRS, TRIACS, GTOs, and other semicon- ductor devices are finding increasing applications in a wide range of products. With the availability of faster switching devices, the applications of modern micro- processors in synthesizing the control strategy for gating power devices to meet the conversion specifications are widening the scope of power electronics. The po- tential applications of power electronics is yet to be fully explored.
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ГЕОГРАФИЯ ТАЪЛИМИ ЖОНКУЯРЛАРИ
Мазкур рисолада укиш ёки мехдат фаолиятлари Низомий номидаги ТДПУ билан узвий богланган, республикада география фани ва уни укитиш методикаси сохаси ривожига самарали хисса кушган етук географ-методист олимлар хамда ил гор мактаб география укитувчиларининг хаёти ва илмий-педагогик фаолиятлари тугрисида маълумотлар берилган. Рисола магистрантлар, бакалавриат талабалари, катта илмий ходим изланувчилар, урта махсус таълим тизими ва умумтаълим мактабларининг укитувчилари хамда кенг оммага мулжалланган