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Mikrobiologiya va immunologiya

O`quv qo`llanmada mikrobiologiya va immunologiya oid tushunchalar, hamda aholi orasida ko`p uchraydigan yuqumli kasalliklarning bakteriologik, immunologik va serologik diagnostikasi yoritilgan.

Exploring Translation Theories

If we set out to describe a translation or an act of translating, the simple description might seem to require no grand theory. In fact, it could be considered too simple to be taken seriously by scholars. Some of the most significant concepts in European translation theory have nevertheless come from what we shall call a broad “descriptive paradigm,” and this chapter describes the ways that paradigm developed in the twentieth century.

Texnologik jarayonlarni loyihalashtirish

O'quv qo'llanmada texnologik jarayonlarni loyihalashtirish fanidan amaliy mashg'ulotlar ishlanmalari jamlangan. Texnologik jarayonni loyihalashtirishda-.qo'yimlarni, kesish rejimlarini hisoblash, ishlov berishda qo'llaniladigan uskuna, moslama, asbobni tanlab olish, detalni tayyorlash bo'yicha iqtisodiy talablarga javob berish masalalari keltirilgan.

MIKROBIOLOGIYADAN AMALIY MASHG‘ULOTLAR

Mikrobiologiya fani egallagan soha juda keng bo'lib, uni o'quvchiga to ‘liq yetkazish uchun bir necha qismga bo'lib o'rganiladi. Birinchi qismda — mikroorganizmlar morfologiyasi va fiziologiyasi, ularning tabiatda tarqalishi haqida umumiy m a ’lumotlar berilgan. Xususiy m ik ro b io lo g iy a q i smid a y u q um l i k a sa ll ik la rn i q o 'z g 'a tu v c h i mikroorganizmlaming barcha xossalari o'rganiladi. Darslikda asosiy e ’tibor mikrobiologiya amaliyotida bajariladigan laboratoriya mashg'ulotlariga qaratilgan.

MIKROBIOLOGIYA, VIRUSOLOGIYA VA IMMUNOLOGIYA

Ushbu darslikda O'zbekistonda birinchi marta bakterial, virusli infeksiyalar, sodda jonivorlar, mikologik kasalliklar, bundan tashqari og'iz bo'shlig'i kasalliklari va shifoxona ichi infeksiyalarining zamonaviy tashxis usullari davlat tilida keltirilgan. Takidlash lozimki, yangi texnologiyalar bo1yicha keltirilgan malumotlar xalqaro standartlarga javob beradi.

Когнитив тилшунослик

Ушбу рисолада изчил тараққиётдаги замонавий илмий-тадқиқот парадигмаси – лисоний фаолиятнинг когнитив таҳлилига оид масалалар ёритилган. Когнитив тилшунослик – янгидан шакл топаётган соҳа, шу сабабли асосий эътибор ушбу йўналишнинг мақсади, таҳлил услублари, методологик тамойилларини ёритишга қаратилган. Рисола замонавий тилшуносликнинг тадқиқот методлари билан қизиқувчи илмий ходимлар, магистрантлар, аспирантларга фойдаланиш учун тавсия қилинади.

Speech and Language Processing

This is an exciting time to be working in speech and language processing. Historically distinct fields (natural language processing, speech recognition, computational linguistics, computational psycholinguistics) have begun to merge. The commercial availability of speech recognition, and the need for web-based language techniques have provided an important impetus for development of real systems. The availability of very large on-line corpora has enabled statistical models of language at every level, from phonetics to discourse.

MIKROBIOLOGIYA IMMUNOLOGIYA VIRUSOLOGIYA

Mikrobiologiya (yunoncha mikros — kichik, bios — hayot va logos — t a ’limot) — mayda, sodda, k o ‘zga k o ‘rinmaydigan bir hujayrali organizmlar haqidagi fan. Bu fan mikroblaming hayot faoliyati, ular ta’sirida odam, hayvon va o'simliklar organizmida sodir bo'ladigan o'zgarishlar qonuniyatlarini o'rganadi. K ey in g i yillarda m ikrobiologiya fani so h asid a shu q adar k o 'p ma’lumotlar to'plandiki, endilikda u bir necha tarmoqlarga bo'lingan va bu tarm o q lar o 'zig a xos rivojlanish y o 'lid a n borm oqda. Tibbiyot, v eterin ariy a, sanoat yoki texnika, q ish lo q x o 'ja lig i, o ziq -o v q atlar mikrobiologiyasi, kosmik mikrobiologiya va boshqalar shular jumlasidandir. H ozirgi zamon tibbiyot mikrobiologiyasi keng qamrovli soha bo'lib, o'z navbatida bakteriologiya (bakteriyalar haqidagi ta’limot), virusologiya (viruslar haqidagi ta’limot), immunologiya (organizmning patogen va patogen bo'lmagan mikroorganizmlardan hamda organizmga irsiy jihatdan begona bo'lgan antigenlardan himoya qiladigan vositalarini o'rganadi), mikologiya (odam organizmiga ziyoni b o 'lg an zam burug'lar faoliyatini o 'rganadi), protozoologiya (bir hujayrali patogen sodda jonivorlar hayot faoliyatini o'rganadi) kabi fanlarga bo'linadi.

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a big field, and this is a big book. We have tried to explore the full breadth of the field, which encompasses logic, probability, and continuous mathematics; perception, reasoning, learning, and action; fairness, trust, social good, and safety; and applications that range from microelectronic devices to robotic planetary explorers to online services with billions of users. The subtitle of this book is “A Modern Approach.” That means we have chosen to tell the story from a current perspective. We synthesize what is now known into a common framework, recasting early work using the ideas and terminology that are prevalent today. We apologize to those whose subfields are, as a result, less recognizable.

Academic Discourse English in a Global Context

This book is intended as an introduction to academic discourse in English and is written for students, general readers and specialists in other areas of applied linguistics or language teaching. My aim is to offer an overview of the key genres of the academy and on the way to say something about the nature of knowledge, of communication and of the practices of those who work and study in universities

IMMUNOLOGIYA

Odam immun tizim a`zolari: timus, taloq, suyak ko’migi, fabritsius xaltachasi, limfa tarmoqlari, shuningdek limfa to’qimalari va hujayralari, ularning vazifalari va immunitet hosil qilishidagi ishtiroki hozirgi zamon ma`lumotlar asosida yoritilgan.

Иммунология

Антиген — любая молекула (соединения разной химической природы: пептиды, углеводы, полифосфаты, стероиды), которая потенциально может быть распознана иммунной системой организма как чужеродная («не своя»). Таким образом, во многих случаях антиген — молекула, несущая признаки генетически чужеродной информации. В качестве синонима применяют также термин «иммуноген», подразумевая, что иммуноген (антиген) способен вызвать ответные реакции иммунной системы, в итоге приводящие к развитию приобретённого иммунитета.

Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing

THE NEED for a thorough textbook for Statistical Natural Language Processing hardly needs to be argued for in the age of on-line information, electronic communication and the World Wide Web. Increasingly, businesses, government agencies and individuals are confronted with large amounts of text that are critical for working and living, but not well enough understood to get the enormous value out of them that they potentially hide.

Иммунология

Иммунология haqida

Natural Language Processing

This is a book about Natural Language Processing. By “natural language” we mean a language that is used for everyday communication by humans; languages such as English, Hindi, or Portuguese. In contrast to artificial languages such as programming languages and mathematical notations, natural languages have evolved as they pass from generation to generation, and are hard to pin down with explicit rules. We will take Natural Language Processing—or NLP for short—in a wide sense to cover any kind of computer manipulation of natural language. At one extreme, it could be as simple as counting word frequencies to compare different writing styles. At the other extreme, NLP involves “understanding” complete human utterances, at least to the extent of being able to give useful responses to them.

Иммунология практикум

В пособии представлены современнқе методы, применяемые в иммунологии в самых областях биологии и медицины.