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Geodeziya. Kartografiya
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Geodeziya. Kartografiya
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Geodeziya. Kartografiya
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Geodeziya. Kartografiya
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Stochastic Models for Geodesy and Geoinformation Science
In geodesy and geoinformation science, as well as in many other technical disciplines, it is often not possible to directly determine the desired target quantities, for example, the 3D Cartesian coordinates of an object. Therefore, the unknown parameters must be linked with measured values, for instance, directions, angles, and distances, by a mathematical model. This consists of two fundamental components—the functional and the stochastic models. The functional model describes the geometrical–physical relationship between the measured values and the unknown parameters. This relationship is sufficiently well known for most applications.
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ROTATION SENSING WITH LARGE RING LASERS
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press & Assessment.
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Physical Geodesy
All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks.
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Physical Geodesy
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
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Mission Earth
This book is a translation of the original German edition „Mission Erde” by Detlef Angermann et al., published by Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE in 2021. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). Contents and language were subsequently revised by the authors. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.
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Geodesy
The “Introduction” again contains the definition and an overview of about 2000 years of the history of geodesy, with the current change to a four-dimensional concept considering also the coupling of space and time as given by Einstein’s theory of general relativity, and strong connections to astronomy, physics, and the other geosciences. The chapter on “Reference Systems and Reference Frames” has been revised thoroughly.
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ELEMENTS OF PRECISE SURVEYING AND GEODESY
The Method of Least Squares furnishes processes of com putation by which the most probable values of quantities are found from the results of measurements. The simplest case is that of a quantity which is directly measured several times with equal precision; here it is universally agreed that the arithmetic mean of the several values is the most probable value of the quantity.
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Ўзбекистонда профессионал парламент тизимининг сиёсий институт сифатида шаклланиши ва ривожланиши истиқболлари
Сиёсий фанлар номзоди Шерзодхон Кудратхўкаевнинг ушбу рисоласида мамлакатимизда профессионал парламент тизимининг сиёсий институт сифатида шаклланиши ва ривожланиши истиқболлари ҳақида кенг мушоҳада юритилади. Китоб олий ўкув юртларининг ҳукукшунослик, сиёсатшунослик, журналистика, социология, ҳалкаро муносабатлар, маънавият ва бошқа ижтимоий йуналишлари бўйича таҳсил олаётган талабаларига, тадқиқотчи олимларга, мазкур соҳага қизиққан барча китобхонларга мўлжаллланган.
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DIPLOMACYTHE STRUGGLE FOR THE AFGHAN STATE:CENTRALIZATION, NATIONALISM ANDTHEIR DISCONTENTS.
Analoguous to developments in other neighbouring states - similarly characterized by ethno-linguistic, religious and socio-cultural multiplicity and political decentralization - the establishment of firm state control and the formation of a uniform Afghan nation state became primary goals of Afghanistans' rulers since the end of the 19th century.
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Мичуринское учение о закономерностях развития органического мира
В настоящей работе автор не ставит своей задачей изложить все вопросы, касающиеся теории развития органического мира, или дать анализ всех практических приёмов вытекающих из основных положений мичуринского учения.
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Существует ли целесообразность в живой природе
В брошюре выясняется вопрос о научном понимании так называемой органической целесообразности, приспособленности организмов к условиям жизни и разоблачаются спекуляции современных защитников телеологических религиозных идей.
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Старение и биологические возможности организма
Изложены современные представления о сущности старения, показаны изменения в нервной,эндокринной и сердечно-сосудистой системах с возрастом, молекулярно-генетические меры используемые геронтологией в борьбе с естественным и преждевременным старением.
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Философский проблемы современной биологии
Теоретические выводы биологии зависят от результатов ожесточенной, не прекращающейся в течение веков борьбы материалистических и идеалистических философских концепций.