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Самураи державы Ямато

Пользующееся в настоящее время широчайшей известностью японское слово "самурай", вошедшее в период с конца XIX до середины ХХ века во многие иностранные языки, стало символом и синонимом отважного, бескомпромиссного воина, сражающегося за идею и ставящего свою честь выше собственной жизни. Своим происхождением самураи обязаны клановым военным отрядам, сражавшимся в раннюю эпоху Японской империи с "варварскими" племенами, издавна населявшими пограничные районы Страны восходящего солнца. В X-XII веках, в период междоусобных войн между различными японскими феодальными родами (кланами или военными домами), могущество самураев все более возрастало. К середине XII века одному из военных предводителей самураев - прославленному полководцу Киёмори Тайра - впервые удалось захватить власть в Стране восходящего солнца. С тех пор почти на семь столетий в Японии утвердился режим, при котором политическая власть сосредоточилась в руках самурайской военной аристократии. Влияние самурайского военного сословия, его образа мыслей, религиозных убеждений, привычек, культуры на жизнь всего японского общества стало подавляющим, несмотря на то, что в ходе буржуазной "революции" ("реставрации") Мэйдзи самурайское сословие, как и все другие сословия средневековой Японии, было упразднено. Ощущается оно в полной мере и по сей день. И можно сказать, что весь японский народ превратился в "нацию самураев". Об основных этапах этого процесса и рассказывается в настоящей книге.

KIMYODAN REAKSIYALAR, MODDALARNING NOMI VA FORMULALARI. OLIMLAR HAQIDA MA’LUMOT

Кimyogarlar kongresida yangi nomenklatura qabul qilindi. Jeneva nomenklaturasi bo’yicha moddalardagi asosiy zanjir no’merlanib, radikal nomining oldiga ushbu radikalning asosiy zanjirdagi qaysi uglerod atomiga brikkanligini ko’rsatuvchi raqam qo’yiladi.1960-yilda IUPAC (International) Union of Pure Applied Chemistry)-IYPAK (sof va amaliy xalqaro ittifoqi) kamissiyasi tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan yangi nomenklatura e’lon qilindi.

Building Materials Product Emission and Combustion Health Hazards

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Architecture in Japan

Algo menor que el estado de California, Japón posee una población mucho mayor estimada en 127.417.244 habitantes según datos de julio de 2005. En la última década, el censo se ha incrementado en unos dos millones de personas aunque, en general, la sociedad japonesa está envejeciendo. De hecho en la ciudad mo- derna más grande del mundo, Tokio, que ocupa solo un 0,6% de la superficie total de Japón, viven un 10% de los japoneses, lo que supone una densidad nada des- preciable de 5.655 personas por kilómetro cuadrado. Buena parte del litoral oriental del país, entre Tokio y Osaka, es prácticamente un área urbana continua, mientras que el oeste es más montañoso y está menos poblado. Estos datos y, en especial, la densidad urbana del país, son importantes para comprender su arquitectura, sobre todo con relación a la construcción residencial. Otro factor decisivo para la arqui-

Modern Methods of Construction and Innovative Materials

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A Practical Guide to Microstructural Analysis of Cementitious Materials

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Victorian Houses and their details

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Fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and mass transfer

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Basic fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines

Fluid mechanics is concerned with the behaviour of liquids and gases at rest and in motion. The proper understanding of mechanics of fluids is important in many branches of engineering: in biomechanics the flow of blood is of interest; ocean currents require a knowledge of fluid mechanics; chemical processing of plants require a thorough knowledge of fluid mechanics; aeronautical engineers require knowledge of flow of air over the aircraft to reduce drag and increase lift; mechanical engineers require knowledge of fluid properties to design pumps, water turbines, gas turbines and rockets; civil engineers require fluid mechanics to study river currents and erosion; and environmentalists require knowledge of fluid properties for solving pollution problems of air and water to control flood, irrigation channels, etc.

The Finite Element Method

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Civil engineering hydraulics

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The topkapi scroll-geometry and ornament in Islamic architecture

Drawings can reveal much about architectural practice and design methods, particularly when a building tradition lacks theoretical treatises; the Islamic architectural heritage is a case in point. In the premodern Muslim world references to archi- tecture were often embedded in a wide variety of nonarchitectural texts and "how-to" manuals providing simple instructions without theoretical elaboration.

Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences

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Environmental Hydraulics of Open Channel Flows

Rivers play a major role in shaping the landscapes of our planet (Table P.1, Fig. P.1). Extreme flow rates may vary from zero in drought periods to huge amount of waters in flood periods. For example, the maximum observed flood discharge of the Amazon River at Obidos was about 370 000 m3/s (Herschy 2002). This figure may be compared with the average annual discharges of the Congo River (41 000 m3/s at the mouth) and of the Murray-Darling River (0.89 m3/s at the mouth) (Table P.1). Even arid, desertic regions are influenced by fluvial action when periodic flood waters surge down dry watercourses (Fig. P.1(a)).

Introduction to Hydraulics and Hydrology with Applications for Stormwater Management. Fourth edition

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Principles of hydraulic systems design. Second edition

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