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A History of Light and Colour Measurement

This book is about how light was made to count. It explores a seemingly simple question: How was the brightness of light—casually judged by everyone but seldom considered a part of science before the 20th century—transformed into a measurable and trustworthy quantity? Why did the description of colour become meaningful to artists, dyers, industrialists and a handful of scientists? Seeking answers requires the exploration of territory in the history, sociology and philosophy of science. Light was made to count as a quantifiable entity at the same time as it came to count for something in human terms. Measuring the intensity of light was fraught with difficulties closely bound up with human physiology, contentious technologies and scientific sub-cultures.

cambridge illustrated dictionary of Astronomy

There is always something new in astronomy. Exciting discoveries follow one after another at a dizzying pace, thanks to the batteries of giant telescopes perched on mountain tops and equipped with the latest technological innovations, observatories orbiting high above the troublesome atmosphere, and spacecraft exploring the worlds of the solar system from close quarters. Keeping abreast of it all can be a challenge! For this illustrated A-to-Z, I have made an up-to-date selection of 1 800 entries covering hundreds of named astronomical objects as well as the terms and abbreviations most commonly encountered in astronomy. I have also included biographical entries on 70 people who have made significant contributions to the development of astronomy. Three hundred entries are illustrated, nearly all in color.

FANTASTIC BEASTS and where to find them

Although almost solely responsible for the creation of the Werewolf Register in 1947, he says he is proudest of the Ban on Experimental Breeding, passed in 1965, which effectively prevented the creation of new and untameable monsters within Britain. Mr. Scamander’s work with the Dragon Research and Restraint Bureau led to many research trips abroad, during which he collected information for his worldwide best-seller Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, now in its fifty-second edition. Newt Scamander was awarded the Order of Merlin, Second Class, in 1979 in recognition of his services to the study of magical beasts, Magizoology. Now retired, he lives in Dorset with his wife Porpentina and their pet Kneazles: Hoppy, Milly, and Mauler.

IR and Raman Spectroscopy

At present, vibrational spectroscopy is undergoing a renaissance stimulated by many new developments in infrared and Raman instrumentation, such as high sensitive detectors, charge-coupled devices (CCD) and array detectors, laser excitation sources, step-scan technique, photoacoustic detection, spectral depth profiling, light-fiber optics, mapping and imaging in the field of microscopy, time resolved and surface-enhanced methods - in order to mention a few of these significant improvements. Of course this progress in vibrational spectroscopy is closely connected with the enormous development in computer technique. These developments have created novel applications of IR and Raman spectroscopy in various scientific disciplines ranging from chemistry and physics to bioscience and medicine.

INTRODUCTORY ELECTROMAGNETICS

To quote one of our students, this book can be summarized as "400 [or so] pages on four equations." It is true that Maxwell's equations can describe all the examples, problems, and applications in this book. However, it is also true that these equations were first derived experimentally by Coulomb, Ampère, Faraday, and others. Maxwell added one term in Ampère's law that connected all four equations. Therefore, even though electromagnetics might at times seem theoretical to you, please remember its roots. The mathematical apparatus was introduced to model the physical properties of electromagnetic fields in a compact way. Whether you are an engineer or a physicist, you will realize in later years the experimental and practical nature of the material covered in this book. We have tried to help you connect the theory to engineering practice by adding chapters on applications, by providing you with a number of practice problems and labs, and by giving realistic values whenever possible.

КОРХОНАЛАР МОЛИЯВИЙ НАТИЖАЛАРИНИ БОШҚАРИШ ТИЗИМИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ

Ҳозирда жаҳонда йирик корпоратив тузилмалар фаолиятини молиявий ресурслар билан таъминлашнинг самарали йўлларини излаш, уларни бошқаришнинг замонавий усулларини аниқлаш, корхоналар молиявий барқарорлигини баҳолашнинг янги илмий-услубий ёндашувларини ишлаб чиқиш, хўжалик субъектларининг истиқболдаги инвестициявий жозибадорлиги, кредитга лаёқатлилиги ҳамда бозор қийматини оширишда молиявий натижаларни мақсадга йўналтирилган бошкариш тизимини янада такомиллаштириш борасида кенг тадқиқотлар олиб борилмоқда. Корпоратив тузилмалар молиявий натижаларини бошқариш тизимини такомиллашти-ришда бизнеснинг хусусиятлари, ишлаб чиқаришнинг капитал сиғими, тармоқлардаги вазият сингари омиллар асосида танлашга эътибор қаратилиб, бизнес қиймати ва соф молиявий натижалар самарадорлиги ўртасидаги ўзаро боғлиқликни тадқиқ этиш илмий тадқиқотнинг устувор йўналишлари ҳисобланади.

INTRODUCTORY ELECTROMAGNETICS

Herbert P. Neff, Jr., received his bachelor's and master's degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville in 1953 and 1956, respectively. He received his doctorate in electrical engineering from Auburn University in 1967. From 1956 to 1965 and from 1966 to the present he has taught courses primarily in electromagnetics at the University of Tennessee. He is also a consultant to Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Dr. Neff has written four engineering textbooks and is the author or coauthor of numerous articles that have been published in professional journals. He is a member of Eta Kappa Nu, Sigma Xi, and Tau Beta Pi. He is a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

КОРХОНАЛАР ИҚТИСОДИЙ САЛОҲИЯТИ САМАРАДОРЛИГИ ТАҲЛИЛИ ВА РЕЙТИНГИНИ БАҲОЛАШНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ

Жаҳон иқтисодиёти ривожланишида рақобат мавжудлиги, маълум даражада корхоналар ўртасида тижорат сирининг ҳам амал қилишини тақозо этади. Шу туфайли, кўрсаткичларнинг таҳлили икки йўналишда олиб борилади. Биринчидан, ташқи фойдаланувчилар учун молиявий таҳлил бўлса, иккинчидан, ички фойдаланувчиларга мўлжалланган бошқарув таҳлилидан иборат. Молиявий ва бошқарув таҳлилининг муҳим объектларидан бири корхоналар иқтисодий салоҳиятидир. Ҳозирги кунда жаҳонда корхоналар иқтисодий салоҳиятидан самарали фойдаланишнинг оптимал йўлларини излаш, уларнинг рейтингини аниқлашда замонавий усулларни қўллаш, корхоналарни бошқариш тизимини янада такомиллаштириш борасида кенг тадқиқотлар олиб борилмоқда.

Introductory Computational Physics

Computers are one of the most important tools available to physicists, whether for calculating and displaying results, simulating experiments, or solving complex systems of equations. Introducing students to computational physics, this textbook shows how to use computers to solve mathematical problems in physics and teaches students about choosing different numerical approaches. It also introduces students to many of the programs and packages available. The book relies solely on free software: the operating system chosen is Linux, which comes with an excellent C++ compiler, and the graphical interface is the ROOT package available for free from CERN.

ФИЗИКИ от А до Я

Настоящее издание включает сведения о жизни, деятельности и научных достижениях более чем шестидесяти известных физиков, где также приведены их даты жизни и портреты. Пособие предназначено для студентов физических факультетов вузов, учителей и преподавателей физики, а также может быть полезно всем, кто интересуется физической наукой и ее развитием.

КОРХОНАЛАР ФАОЛИЯТИНИ БОШҚАРИШДА ЗАМОНАВИЙ МЕНЕЖМЕНТ УСЛУБЛАРИДАН ФОЙДАЛАНИШ САМАРАДОРЛИГИ

Жаҳон миқёсида корхоналар фаолиятини бошкаришда замонавий менежмент услубларидан мақсадли фойдаланиш, бошқарув самарадорлигини интенсив кўрсаткичлар асосида комплекс баҳолаш ҳамда инвестицион салоҳиятини оширишга доир кўплаб илмий тадқиқотлар амалга оширилмоқда. Шунингдек, замонавий бошқарув тизимини такомиллаштириш ҳисобига корхоналарни интенсив ривожлантиришни таъминлаш, замонавий менежментнинг бошқарув методологиясини такомиллаштириш, инновацион тизимли таҳлил усулларини қўллаш масалаларига эътибор кучайтирилмоқда.

КОРХОНАЛАР АЙЛАНМА МАБЛАҒЛАРИНИ МОЛИЯЛАШТИРИШ АМАЛИЁТИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ

Ҳозирги даврда жаҳоннинг ривожланаётган мамлакатларида корхоналарнинг айланма маблағларини молиялаштириш амалиётини такомиллаштириш билан боғлиқ бўлган долзарб муаммолар, жумладан, юқори инфляция суръатлари ва миллий валютанинг қадрсизланиши, хом-ашё ва материаллар импорти ўсишининг хўжалик субъектлари айланма маблағларига таъсирига катта эътибор қаратилмоқда. Шунингдек, корхоналарда айланма маблағларни молиялаштиришнинг инновацион усулларини жорий этиш, айланма маблағлардан фойдаланиш самарадорлиги таҳлилива уни ошириш йўлларини такомиллаштириш, айланма маблағларни бошкариш сиёсати, уни самарадорлигининг пасайиш риски, айланма маблағларни шакллантириш, улардан самарали фойдаланиш ва ликвидлигини таъминлашда таъсирчан молиявий механизмларни қўллаш масалалари муҳим тадкикот йўналишларидан ҳисобланади.

КОРХОНАДА ИНҚИРОЗГА ҚАРШИ БОШҚАРУВ СТРАТЕГИЯСИНИ ИШЛАБ ЧИҚИШНИНГ ИЛМИЙ АСОСЛАРИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ

Жаҳонда тўпланган илмий ҳамда амалий тажрибалар негизида инқироз ҳолатининг пайдо бўлиши сабабларини олдиндан ташхис қилиш, корхонани ривожлантириш стратегиясини танлаш учун унинг институционал салоҳиятини ва ташқи муҳитини баҳолаш, корхонанинг рақобат устунликларини юксалтириш ва уни молиявий соғломлаштириш тартиботларини амалга оширилишини назорат қилиш тизимини, инқирозга қарши бошқариш стратегиясини асослаш ва уни амалга оширишни инновацион ривожлантириш йўлига ўтиш ўта долзарб ва зарурий тадқиқот йўналишлари ҳисобланади.

Introduction to Thermal Analysis

Preparation of this Second Edition has made me very aware of how many things have changed since 1987. The greatest changes have been in the tasks that can now be comfortably handled by computers and their ever-growing range of accessories. The availability of sophisticated word processing and graphics packages, plus scanners and excellent printers, has, however. resulted in much greater responsibility being thrust upon authors for the preparation of camera- ready copy, a phrase that now causes scientists to leave their lab benches and become permanently attached to their computer screens. The number of people that the author can now blarne for any remaining mistakes (although my wife, Cindy, has done her utmost to track these down) has decreased drastically to one! In this Edition, relatively small sections of the First Edition have withstood the changes of 14 years. One of the most embarrassing parts of the First Edition, that has now disappeared without trace, is the Appendix of lots of programs written in Applexoft BASIC. Would that I had had the advice of Professor Bernhard Wunderlich in advance of the appearance of that Edition,

КОРХОНА ФАОЛИЯТИНИ БОШҚАРИШНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШДА ИШЛАБ ЧИҚАРИШ ОМИЛЛАРИДАН САМАРАЛИ ФОЙДАЛАНИШ

Ўзбекистонда сўнгги йилларда тўқимачилик саноатини жадал модернизациялаш сиёсати олиб борилди. Бирок, мамлакатимиздаги тўқимачилик саноати корхоналарида ишлаб чикариш қувватларидан фойдаланишнинг илмий-услубий асослари ишлаб чиқилмаганлиги тўқимачилик саноатининг мавжуд ресурс захираларидан фойдаланиш самарадорлигини пасайтирмокда.

Introduction to the Basic Concept of Modern Physics

During the last years of the Nineteenth Century, the development of new techniques and the refinement of measuring apparatuses provided an abundance of new data whose interpretation implied deep changes in the formulation of physical laws and in the development of new phenomenology. Several experimental results lead to the birth of the new physics. A brief list of the most important experiments must contain those performed by H. Hertz about the photoelectric effect, the measurement of the distribution in frequency of the radiation emitted by an ideal oven (the so-called black body radiation), the measurement of specific heats at low temperatures, which showed violations of the Dulong–Petit law and contradicted the general applicability of the equi-partition of energy. Furthermore we have to mention the discovery of the electron by J. J. Thomson in 1897, A. Michelson and E. Morley’s experiments in 1887, showing that the speed of light is independent of the reference frame, and the detection of line spectra in atomic radiation.