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MAPPING THE HEAVENS

Our map of the cosmos has altered dramatically in the past hundred years. In 1914, our own galaxy, the Milky Way, constituted the entire universe—alone, stagnant, and small. Cosmological research still relied fundamentally on classical conceptions of gravity developed in the seventeenth century. Modern physics and the triumphs of general relativity have shifted humanity’s entire comprehension of space and time. Now we see the universe as a dynamic place, expanding at an accelerating rate, whose principal mysterious constituents, dark matter and dark energy, are unseen. The remainder, all the elements in the periodic table, the matter that constitutes stars and us, contributes a mere 4 percent of the total inventory of the universe. We have confirmed the existence of planets orbiting other stars. We question the existence of other universes. This is remarkable scientific progress.

GIDROFIZIKA VA SUV BALANSI TADQIQOTLARI

Kursning maqsadi tabiiy suvlarning fizik xususiyatlari, suv ob’yektlarida kechadigan fizik jarayonlar qonuniyatlarini, ko‘llar, daryolar, muzliklar va suv omborlarining suv muvozanatini o‘rganishdan iboratdir. Shuningdek, bu kurs tabiiy suvlarning o‘zaro birligi g‘oyasini hamda ularning geografik muhit bilan aloqasini amalda o‘rganishga imkon beradi. Qo‘llanma «Gidrometeorologiya» yo‘nalishi bo‘yicha ta’lim olayotgan talabalar uchun mo‘ljallangan. Undan «Ekologiya», «Tuproqshunoslik» yo‘nalishlari talabalari ham foydalanishlari mumkin.

КОРХОНАЛАРНИНГ ИНВЕСТИЦИЯВИЙ ФАОЛИЯТИ САМАРАДОРЛИГИНИ ОШИРИШ МЕХАНИЗМИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ

Жаҳонда озиқ-овқат саноатини самарали ташкил этиш, озик-овкат маҳсулотлари ишлаб чиқаришнинг инновацион усулларини ривожлантириш, дунё миқёсида озиқ-овқат саноатида фундаментал ўзгаришлар борасида илмий тадқиқот ишлари олиб борилмоқда. «Рақамли технологиялар ҳамда «Саноат 4.0»нинг мисли кўрилмаган тарзда ривожланиши соҳада янги имкониятларни очиши билан бир қаторда ишлаб чиқарувчилар учун айрим муаммоларни ҳам вужудга келтирмоқда». Хусусан, инновацион усуллар билан сунъий озиқ-овқат маҳсулотлари ишлаб чиқаришни йўлга қўйган корхоналар билан рақобат, истеъмолчиларнинг индивидуал юқори сифатли маҳсулотларга бўлган талабининг кескин ошиб бориши, глобал озиқ-овкат таъминотини самарали бошқаришга бўлган талабнинг юқорилиги, озиқ-овкат маҳсулотлари чакана савдоси томонидан бўлаётган босимга жавобан инновацион усуллар билан нархни пасайтириш каби муаммолар ўз ечимини кутмоқда.

Magnetism: Molecules to Materials IV

The development, characterization, and technological exploitation of new materials, particularly as components in ‘smart’ systems, are key challenges for chemistry and physics in the next millennium. New substances and composites including nanostructured materials are envisioned for innumerable areas including magnets for the communication and information sector of our economy. Magnets are already an important component of the economy with worldwide sales of approximately $30 billion, twice that of the sales of semiconductors. Hence, research groups worldwide are targeting the preparation and study of new magnets especially in combination with other technologically important properties, e. g., electrical and optical properties.

GALAKTIK KOSMIK NURLAR ASTROFIZIKASI

Ushbu o’quv – uslubiy majmua tanlov fani sifatida Galaktik kosmik nurlarning astrofizikasi va uning variasiyalari mavzusida yozilgan bo’lib, oliy o’quv yurtlarning 5A140401 - Astronomiya (tadqiqot yo’nalishi bo’yicha) mutaxassisligi bo’yicha ta’lim olayotgan talabalar va magistrantlar uchun mo’ljallangan. O’quv – uslubiy majmuada olamni umumiy tuzilmasi, kosmologiya asoslari, elementlari, modellari, Eynshteyn, Fridman, Xabbl ishlari to’la yoritilgan. Relektiv nurlanish, Quyosh, Quyosh neytrinasi va uning muammosi, Quyosh kosmik nurlari, Quyoshdagi portlashlar, zarbaviy to’lqin frontlari, Quyosh chaqnashi, Quyosh shamoli va magnit bo’ronlari, kosmik nurlar modulyatsiyasi, Quyosh kosmik nurlarining vaqtli variasiyalari va klassifikasiyasi, Quyosh tizimining xususiyati va tavsifnomalari, 11 yillik, 22 yillik ilmiy variatsiyalar, kosmik nurlarni qayd qilish usullari mavzularida 2 kurs magistrantlarining etarli bilim va ko’nikma olishlari uchun ma’lumotlar keltirilgan

Mad about Modern Physics

This book of almost 250 puzzles begins where our first book, Mad About Physics: Braintwisters, Paradoxes, and Curiosities (2001) ended—with the physics of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887, the challenges posed by atomic spectra and blackbody radiation, the unexpected discoveries of X-rays in 1895, radioactivity in 1896, and the electron in 1897 all loosened the protective belt of ad hoc hypotheses around the mechanistic physics the nineteenth century had so laboriously built. Anomalies and paradoxes abounded, ultimately necessitating a radical rethinking of the very foundations of physics and culminating in the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. Numerous applications of these new and strange concepts followed very quickly as atomic and nuclear physics led to semiconductor devices on the small scale and nuclear energy on the large scale. Therefore we have developed a whole new set of challenges to tickle the minds of our scientifically literate readers, from science students to engineers to professionals in the sciences.

Ижодкорнинг дахлсиз дунёси

XX аср ўзбек танқидчилигида адабий суҳбатлар стакчи жанрлардан бирига айланди. Бу жанрнинг шаклланиши ва ривожида мунакқид Умарали Норматовнинг хизматлари катга. Ҳамкасблари эътироф этганидек, миллий адабиётимизда кейинги эллик йил ичида ҳеч ким бунчалик кўп ва хўб суҳбат яратмаган.

КОРХОНАЛАРНИНГ ИННОВАЦИОН-ИНВЕСТИЦИОН ФАОЛИЯТИНИ ТАРТИБГА СОЛИШДА СОЛИҚ ИМТИЁЗЛАРИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШ

Ҳозирда етакчи халқаро молия институтлари, илмий тадқиқот марказлари ва ривожланган давлатларда солиққа тортиш механизмларини такомиллаштириш масалалари, хусусан, солиқлар воситасида иқтисодиётни самарали тартибга солиш, солиқнинг рағбатлантириш функциясидан окилона фойдаланиш, инновацион ва инвестицион фаолиятни рағбатлантиришда солиқ имтиёзлари самарадорлигини ошириш, корхоналар инновацион- инвестицион фаоллигини оширишда солиқларнинг ролини кучайтириш, солиқ имтиёзлари фақатгина аниқ мақсадлар ва шартлар асосида тақдим этилиши, солиқ имтиёзларининг индивидуал хусусиятга эга бўлмаслиги, шунингдек, солик имтиёзлари натижаларини мониторинг қилиш механизмининг оптимал вариантларини ишлаб чиқиш юзасидан кенг камровли илмий тадқиқотлар олиб борилмоқда.

Elementary General Relativity

There is a widespread indifference to attempts to put accepted theories on better logical foundations and to clarify their experimental basis, an indifference occasionally amounting to hostility. I am concerned with the effects of our neglect of foundations on the education of scientists. It is plain that the clearer the teacher, the more transparent his logic, the fewer and more decisive the number of experiments to be examined in detail, the faster will the pupil learn and the surer and sounder will be his grasp of the subject.

МЕТОДЫ ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ

Невозможно создание периодически действующей тепловой машины, совершающей работу за счет получения количества теплоты от одного тела и Внутренняя энергия изолированной системы не изменяется при любых взаимодействиях внутри системы: U=const, AU=0. Изменение / внутренней энергии неизолированной термодинамической системы равно сумме количества переданной теплоты и работы А внешних силе вызывающей при этом никаких изменений в других телах

Telescopes

Rapid change is likely to continue throughout the twenty-first century as science reveals more about physical and biological processes such as global warming, viral replication, and electrical conductivity, and as people apply that new knowledge to personal decisions and government policy. Already, for example, an international treaty calls for immediate reductions in industrial and automobile emissions in response to studies that show a potentially dangerous rise in global temperatures is caused by human activity. Taking an active role in determining the direction of future changes depends on education; people must understand the possible uses of scientific research and the effects of the technology that surrounds them.

ДАҚИҚА ҚАДРИ

Китоб барча таълим муассасаларида «Заковат» ўйинларини ташкил этишида, ёшларимизнинг интеллектуал салоҳиятини оширишида муҳим қўлланма бўлиб хизмат қилиши билан ҳам аҳамиятлидир. Юртдошларимизнинг қизиқарли мактублари, ижод намуналари, савол ва жавобларидан иборат ушбу китоб барчангизга манзур бўлади, деган умиддамиз

Space Stations

Perhaps the most striking measure of scientific and technological change can be seen in medicine and public health. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the average American life span was forty-seven years. By the end of the century the average life span was approaching eighty years, thanks to advances in medicine including the development of vaccines and antibiotics, the discovery of powerful diagnostic tools such as X rays, the life-saving technology of cardiac and neonatal care, and improvements in nutrition and the control of infectious disease.

Практикум по методике начального обучения математике.

Данный практикум предназначкн в уачестве учебного пособия для студентов педагогических институтов специальности "Педагогика и методика начального обучения" по курсу "Методика преподавания математики"

Динимиз фидойилари

китоб 1943-1989-йилларда Ўрта Осиё ва Қозоғистон мусулмонлари диний бошқармасининг ташкилотчилари ва раҳбарлари бўлган, беш республика муфтийлари-шайх Эшон бобохон ибн Абдулмажидхон, шайх Зиёвуддинхон ибн Эшон Бобохон,Шамсиддинхон Бобохоновнинг ёрқин хотираларига,Ўзбекистон республикасининг мустақиллигига бағишланади.

Exploring Mars

Rapid change is likely to continue throughout the twenty-first century as science reveals more about physical and biological processes such as global warming, viral replication, and electrical conductivity, and as people apply that new knowledge to personal decisions and government policy. Already, for example, an international treaty calls for immediate reductions in industrial and automobile emissions in response to studies that show a potentially dangerous rise in global temperatures is caused by human activity. Taking an active role in determining the direction of future changes depends on education; people must understand the possible uses of scientific research and the effects of the technology that surrounds them.